Semiconductor diode - I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, application of junction diode -diode as a rectifier. Mass-energy relation, mass defect binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.Ĭhapter–14: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple CircuitsĮnergy bands in conductors, semiconductors and insulators (qualitative ideas only) Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors- p and n type, p-n junction Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation.Īlpha-particle scattering experiment Rutherford's model of atom Bohr model of hydrogen atom, Expression for radius of nth possible orbit, velocity and energy of electron in his orbit, of hydrogen line spectra (qualitative treatment only).Ĭomposition and size of nucleus, nuclear force Unit VII: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter (08 Periods)Ĭhapter–11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matterĭual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light.Įxperimental study of photoelectric effect Interference, Young's double slit experiment and expression for fringe width (No derivation final expression only), coherent sources and sustained interference of light, diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maxima (qualitative treatment only). Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle. Wave optics: Wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts. Optical instruments: Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.

Ray Optics: Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism. Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.Ĭhapter–9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Unit V: Electromagnetic waves (04 Periods)īasic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative idea only).

Physics project for class 12 pdf cbse